Which insect family is commonly associated with powdered frass and exit holes in wood?

The correct answer encompasses all the mentioned families: Lyctidae, Anobidae, and Bostrichidae, all of which are known to produce powdered frass and exit holes in wood.

Lyctidae, commonly referred to as the powderpost beetles, are especially notorious for their ability to bore into and damage hardwoods, leaving behind fine, flour-like frass. Their presence is often indicated by small exit holes in the wood, which they create as they emerge from their pupal stage.

Anobidae, or the woodboring beetles, also contribute to similar wood damage. These insects lay their eggs in wood, and upon hatching, the larvae tunnel through the wood, resulting in exit holes and fine frass as they burrow and feed.

Bostrichidae, known as the horned powderpost beetles, similarly infest various types of wood, leaving evidence of their activity in the form of frass and exit holes.

Therefore, the collective characteristics and behaviors of these families confirm that all of them are associated with powdered frass and exit holes in wood, making "all of the above" the comprehensive answer to this question.