Which statement best describes white rot fungi?

The statement that best describes white rot fungi is that it breaks down lignin and cellulose, making wood appear bleached. White rot fungi are unique because they have the ability to decompose both lignin and cellulose, two main components of wood. Lignin is what gives wood its structural integrity and brown color, while cellulose is a carbohydrate that provides strength. When white rot fungi break down these components, the wood takes on a lighter, bleached appearance due to the degradation of lignin. This process is significant in nutrient cycling within ecosystems, as it allows for the recirculation of organic matter.

The other statements do not accurately represent the characteristics of white rot fungi. They do not primarily affect dry wood or increase its strength, nor do they thrive at freezing temperatures. Additionally, wood infected by white rot does not typically become dark and crumbly; rather, it transforms in color and texture, often becoming soft and spongy due to the loss of structural integrity from the breakdown of its components. This distinction between the effects of white rot and other types of decay, such as brown rot, is essential in understanding wood deterioration processes.